GlobeQuest

Moving from Bulgaria to China

What your passport gets you at the border — and what it takes to actually stay.

BulgariaChinaShort stay
Visa-free · 30 days

Bulgaria passport holders can enter China without a visa and stay up to 30 days.

This is short-stay visitor policy only. It does not let you work, study or settle in China — that needs a residence permit.

Passport Index · updated 17 February 2026China's official immigration service
Long stay

How you actually move to China

Work / sponsoredHigh confidenceVerified August 2026

Foreigner's Work Permit (Category B) + Z visa + work residence permit

The mainstream route. Almost every foreign professional employed by a Chinese entity — including the China arm of a foreign company — holds a Category B work permit and a work-type residence permit obtained through it.

What you need
  • A Chinese employer willing to sponsor you. There is no self-sponsored work permit outside the new K visa and the founder route below
  • A bachelor's degree or above plus at least two years of relevant post-graduation experience is the default Category B test; some roles substitute recognised professional qualifications
  • 60–85 points on the national points table, which scores salary, education, experience, Chinese language ability, age, where in China the job is, and whether the field is on a shortage list
  • Degree certificate and a criminal record certificate, both notarised and then legalised or apostilled — China joined the Hague Apostille Convention in November 2023, which removed consular legalisation for member states
  • A medical examination at a designated Chinese facility, usually redone after arrival even if you did one abroad
How long it lasts
The work permit is normally issued for one to two years and tied to that employer; the residence permit is issued to match. Renewals are applied for before expiry and long-serving employees are often moved to longer permits.
Path to permanent residence
Indirect and narrow. The employment track to permanent residence broadly requires a senior post (deputy general manager or above, or an associate-senior professional title) or a qualifying salary and tax record, held for four consecutive years with at least three years' actual residence in China across those four. Most Category B holders never cross it and simply renew indefinitely, which is a perfectly normal outcome here.
Cost
The work permit application itself is generally free. The Z visa fee is set by nationality reciprocity and varies enormously — US citizens pay far more than most. The residence permit is charged on validity: roughly RMB 400 for under a year, RMB 800 for one to three years, RMB 1,000 for three to five. Document notarisation, apostille, translation and the medical add up to more than all the government fees combined.
Processing time
Typically two to four months end to end: employer applies for the Notification Letter of Foreigner's Work Permit online, you convert that into a Z visa at a Chinese mission abroad, you enter, then the work permit and the residence permit follow.
Worth knowing
  • The order is fixed and unforgiving: Notification Letter → Z visa abroad → enter China → work permit (apply within 15 days of entry in most cities) → residence permit (within 30 days of entry). You cannot start work legally before the work permit exists, and you cannot convert a tourist L visa into a work permit inside China.
  • There is no longer a physical work permit card for new grants. From 1 December 2024 the Foreigner's Work Permit is issued electronically and carried on the electronic social security card, accessed through its app. Cards issued before that date stay valid on a 'no change, no replacement' basis and are folded in at the next renewal. If an employer or landlord asks to photocopy your work permit card, the electronic record is now the document — expect to explain this more than once.
  • Separately from all of the above, you must register your temporary residence at the local police station within 24 hours of arriving at a private address. A hotel does this automatically; a rented flat does not. It is a real obligation under Article 39 of the Exit and Entry Administration Law, carries a fine of up to RMB 2,000, and the registration slip is asked for again at every visa and residence permit step.
  • The permit is bound to the employer AND to the city. Changing jobs means a new work permit; moving city usually means re-registering with the new city's authorities. Resigning without the next permit lined up leaves you on a short grace period, not an open-ended one.
  • China has no digital nomad visa. There is no route that lets you live in China on foreign remote income, and the visa-free entry arrangements now open to many nationalities are short-stay tourism policy, not a right to work or reside.
  • Do not confuse the visa-free opening with a residence route, and do not trust any list of it that is more than a few months old. Two separate schemes run in parallel: a 240-hour (ten-day) visa-free TRANSIT exemption, expanded on 17 December 2024 and covering around 55 nationalities across 60-plus ports, which requires an onward ticket to a third country; and a UNILATERAL visa-free trial giving roughly 30 days' entry to nationals of about 50 countries, extended to 31 December 2026. Both are entry policy. Neither permits employment, neither produces a residence permit, and the eligible-country lists have been revised repeatedly — check the National Immigration Administration on the day you book, not a summary.
  • China has no retirement visa either. Retirees generally hold family-reunion status through a Chinese spouse or child, or come on repeated short visits.
  • Category B salary tests have tightened. Several cities now verify a salary floor expressed as a multiple of the local average wage directly inside the national work permit system, and the local average wage is republished annually — ask your employer for the current multiple and base for your city rather than relying on a figure from a blog.
Sources:Service System for Foreigners Working in China (work permit portal)Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security — administers the Foreigner's Work PermitNational Immigration Administration — entry, exit and stay of foreignersExit and Entry Administration Law of the People's Republic of ChinaMinistry of Foreign Affairs — consular affairs and visa categories
Work / sponsoredHigh confidenceVerified August 2026

Category A high-end talent work permit (and the R talent visa)

Senior specialists, well-paid executives, researchers, and anyone on a recognised national, provincial or municipal talent list. Category A is the tier that removes most of the friction the ordinary route imposes.

What you need
  • Any one of several qualifying limbs rather than a single test: selection under a recognised talent programme, an internationally recognised professional qualification, a salary and tax contribution above a set multiple of the local average wage, or 85+ points on the national points table
  • Category A applicants are outside the quota and age limits that constrain other tiers, and the documentary burden is lighter
  • The R visa is the visa counterpart, issued to high-level foreign talent and urgently needed specialists — a Category A determination is what unlocks it
How long it lasts
Work permits of up to five years are available at this tier, against the one to two typical of Category B. The Greater Bay Area and several other zones grant longer talent permits again for specific doctoral and science-programme profiles.
Path to permanent residence
The best national route there is. Category A talent status is the profile the permanent residence employment and 'special contribution' tracks are written for, and several cities run their own accelerated recommendation channels on top — Shanghai's Lingang Special Area, for example, lets an employer recommend a foreign employee for permanent residence after three years' continuous work there, at least six months' actual residence in China in each of those years, a salary at or above four times the local average, and a matching tax record.
Cost
Same government fee structure as Category B. The real cost is in evidencing the qualifying limb — salary certificates, tax records, award documentation, all translated.
Processing time
Faster than Category B by design; several cities publish expedited service commitments for Category A files, and some complete the work permit stage in a handful of working days.
Worth knowing
  • The points table weights where you work. The same person scores differently in Chengdu than in Shanghai, because the table awards points for employment in the west and the north-east, and salary points are calibrated to the local average wage. Someone marginal in a first-tier city can clear the bar in a second-tier one.
  • Chinese language ability and age both carry real points. A younger applicant with HSK certification can pick up the margin that decides A versus B.
  • 'Talent list' inclusion is provincial and municipal as much as national. Ask the employer's HR whether the role maps onto a local catalogue of urgently needed foreign talent — that is often the cheapest path to Category A and it is rarely volunteered.
  • Category A status does not exempt you from the 24-hour police registration or the 30-day residence permit deadline. Nothing does.
Sources:Service System for Foreigners Working in China (work permit portal)Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security — administers the Foreigner's Work PermitNational Immigration AdministrationMinistry of Foreign Affairs — consular affairs and visa categories
Work / sponsoredMedium confidenceVerified August 2026

K visa — young science and technology talent

Young STEM graduates and researchers. Created by State Council Order No. 814, which amended the Regulations on the Administration of the Entry and Exit of Foreigners with effect from 1 October 2025. It is the first Chinese visa category that does not require a Chinese sponsor.

What you need
  • A bachelor's degree or above in a science, technology, engineering or mathematics field from a recognised university or research institution, or current employment in research or teaching at such an institution
  • Within the age band the authorities set for 'young' talent — reporting around the launch put this at roughly 18 to 45, and the formal definition is one of the details still being published
  • Supporting evidence of the qualification or the research post, plus evidence of being able to support yourself
  • No inviting or sponsoring entity in China is required, which is the whole point of the category
How long it lasts
The State Council decision states that the K visa offers more favourable terms than the existing twelve ordinary categories on number of entries, validity and permitted duration of stay. The specific grants are set administratively rather than in the regulation itself.
Path to permanent residence
Not established. The K visa is new and how holders convert into a work permit, a residence permit and eventually permanent residence has not been fully published. Treat the long-term path as an open question rather than a promise.
Cost
Standard Chinese visa fees, which are set by nationality reciprocity.
Processing time
Through Chinese embassies and consulates, on ordinary visa timelines.
Worth knowing
  • This route is genuinely new and genuinely incomplete. As of mid-2026 a number of implementing details — the exact age definition, the full documentary checklist, dependant provisions — were still unpublished. Verify directly with the Chinese mission handling your application rather than with any secondary summary, including this one.
  • A visa is not residence. Even on a K visa, staying long-term means applying for a residence permit at the local Exit–Entry Administration within 30 days of entry, and registering with the police within 24 hours of moving into a private address.
  • The absence of a sponsor is a convenience at the border, not an exemption from Chinese labour law. Taking employment in China still engages the work permit system, and the interaction between K status and the Foreigner's Work Permit is exactly the part that was least clearly documented at launch.
  • The category attracted substantial domestic debate when announced, and policy that is politically live can be tightened. Do not build a multi-year plan on the terms as they stand today without re-checking.
Sources:gov.cn — State Council decision creating the K visa (Order No. 814)National Immigration AdministrationMinistry of Foreign Affairs — consular affairs and visa categories
InvestmentMedium confidenceVerified August 2026

Founder / legal representative of a foreign-invested enterprise

People who want to run their own company in China. There is no standalone 'entrepreneur visa': you incorporate a Chinese company, and that company then sponsors your work permit as its legal representative or senior manager.

What you need
  • A registered Chinese company — most commonly a wholly foreign-owned enterprise (WFOE) — with a real registered address, a business licence, and a business scope that covers what you actually intend to do
  • Appointment as legal representative, general manager or another senior post of that company, which is what the work permit is issued against
  • The same degree, experience, criminal record and medical evidence as any other work permit applicant
  • Registered capital is no longer fixed by statute for most business scopes, but the company law amendment effective 1 July 2024 requires subscribed capital in a limited company to be actually paid in within five years — so a nominal capital figure now carries a real obligation
How long it lasts
Work permit and residence permit of one to two years initially, renewed as the company continues to trade and file.
Path to permanent residence
The permanent residence investment track exists and is written around direct, stable investment in China with three consecutive years of good tax records, with the qualifying investment amount varying by where in China it is made. It is a real route but a demanding one, and in practice far fewer people arrive at permanent residence this way than through the senior-employment track.
Cost
Incorporation, a registered address, mandatory bookkeeping and annual audit, plus the capital you have committed to paying in. Budget for a local agent — the paperwork is in Chinese and the filing calendar is unforgiving.
Processing time
Company formation typically one to three months depending on city and business scope, then the work permit and residence permit sequence on top.
Worth knowing
  • Some business scopes are restricted or prohibited to foreign investment under the negative list, which is revised periodically. Check the current list against your intended scope before spending anything — the scope you register is the scope you may lawfully invoice for.
  • A company that exists but does not trade is the classic failure mode at first renewal. Authorities look at payroll, tax filings and social insurance contributions, not at the certificate.
  • The legal representative of a Chinese company carries personal exposure for the company's compliance, including tax and labour obligations. It is not a nominal title.
  • Several cities run their own innovation and entrepreneurship channels for foreign founders with extra concessions. These are municipal, they change, and they are worth asking the local commerce bureau about directly.
Sources:Service System for Foreigners Working in China (work permit portal)National Immigration Administration — foreign nationals' eligibility for permanent residenceNational Immigration Administration
StudentHigh confidenceVerified August 2026

X1 student visa and study residence permit

Anyone enrolling in a Chinese institution for more than 180 days — degree students, and long-course Mandarin students. Shorter study runs on an X2 visa, which is a visit, not residence.

What you need
  • An admission notice from the institution plus the JW201 or JW202 visa application form for studying in China, issued by the institution or the education authority
  • Proof of funds and, for many programmes, a physical examination record
  • Applications are made at a Chinese embassy, consulate or visa application service centre before travel
How long it lasts
X1 is a single-entry entry document. Once in China you apply for a study-type residence permit within 30 days of entry, typically issued for the length of the academic year and renewed annually.
Path to permanent residence
Study time does not itself build toward permanent residence. What it builds is the practical foundation: recent reforms allow outstanding graduates of Chinese universities, and in some cities graduates of well-ranked foreign universities, to obtain a work permit without the usual two years of post-graduation experience. Graduating in China materially shortens the route into the work permit system.
Cost
Visa fee by nationality, plus the residence permit fee and tuition. Part-time work is permitted only with the institution's and the immigration authority's endorsement recorded on the permit.
Processing time
Usually a few weeks for the visa once the admission documents are in hand.
Worth knowing
  • Working without the endorsement noted on your residence permit is illegal employment, and it is enforced against students specifically. Teaching English informally is the common way people fall into it.
  • Campus accommodation usually handles the police registration for you. Renting privately does not — the 24-hour rule applies to students exactly as it does to everyone else, and university international offices see this go wrong every September.
  • The JW form is issued by the institution and is not interchangeable between institutions. Changing university means new documents, not a transfer.
Sources:Ministry of Foreign Affairs — consular affairs and visa categoriesNational Immigration Administration — entry, exit and stay of foreignersNational Immigration Administration
FamilyHigh confidenceVerified August 2026

Family reunion — Q1 (Chinese family) and S1 (family of a foreign worker)

Two different situations that end in the same kind of residence permit. Q1 is for family members of Chinese citizens and of foreigners holding Chinese permanent residence. S1 is for the accompanying family of a foreigner working or studying in China.

What you need
  • Q1: proof of the relationship — marriage certificate, birth certificate or kinship certificate — plus the Chinese relative's ID or the permanent resident's card, and an invitation letter
  • S1: the principal's work permit or study documents, residence permit, and evidence of the family relationship. The eligible relations are spouse, parents, children under 18, and parents-in-law
  • Both are for intended stays over 180 days; the short-stay equivalents are Q2 and S2 and confer no residence
  • Documents proving the relationship generally need notarisation and apostille or legalisation from the issuing country
How long it lasts
The visa is an entry document; the family-reunion or private-affairs residence permit is applied for within 30 days of entry, normally issued for one year and renewed, and for S1 dependants normally capped by the principal's own permit.
Path to permanent residence
Q1 through a Chinese spouse is one of the more attainable permanent residence tracks: broadly five years of marriage, five consecutive years of residence in China with at least nine months in each year, and stable means of support and housing. S1 dependant status does not build toward permanent residence in its own right — the principal's status does.
Cost
Visa fee by nationality plus the residence permit fee. Document notarisation and apostille abroad is the larger line.
Processing time
Visa in weeks; the residence permit around fifteen working days after the local Exit–Entry Administration accepts the file.
Worth knowing
  • An S1 dependant permit does not carry the right to work. A spouse who wants a job needs their own work permit and their own sponsor, and this catches trailing partners constantly — plan for it before the move rather than after.
  • Documents from your home country age. Marriage and birth certificates are often required to have been issued or authenticated recently, so getting them apostilled a year early can mean doing it twice.
  • Q1 and S1 both cover stays over 180 days. If your family is coming for less, Q2 and S2 are the correct categories and neither produces a residence permit.
Sources:Ministry of Foreign Affairs — consular affairs and visa categoriesNational Immigration Administration — entry, exit and stay of foreignersNational Immigration Administration
InvestmentMedium confidenceVerified August 2026

Foreigner's Permanent Residence ID Card (the 'green card')

Long-settled foreign residents who clear one of four narrow gates. China's permanent residence is genuinely hard to obtain — cumulative issuance since the scheme began in 2004 is measured in tens of thousands, not millions — but issuance has accelerated since the redesigned card launched on 1 December 2023.

What you need
  • Investment track: direct and stable investment in China above a threshold that varies by region, with good tax records for three consecutive years
  • Employment track: a post of deputy general manager, deputy factory director or above, or an associate-senior professional title or above, or an equivalent qualifying salary and tax record — held for four consecutive years with at least three years' actual residence in China across those four
  • Special contribution track: outstanding contribution to China, or a person China particularly needs, recommended by the relevant authority
  • Family track: spouses of Chinese citizens or of permanent residents after five years of marriage and five years of continuous residence with at least nine months in China each year; also unmarried children under 18 and certain dependent elderly relatives
How long it lasts
The card is valid for ten years for adults (five for under-18s) and is renewed; the permanent residence status itself does not expire with the card.
Path to permanent residence
This is it — this is the permanent status.
Cost
Government fees are modest relative to the effort. The cost is in assembling four to five years of tax records, employment evidence and authenticated documents.
Processing time
Historically slow, commonly six months to a year at the national approval stage, though several cities now run pilot fast lanes for talent-recommended files.
Worth knowing
  • Permanent residence is not citizenship, and China does not permit dual nationality. Naturalisation exists in law but is granted very rarely.
  • The card does not remove all friction. Holders have historically reported systems — booking apps, hotels, bank onboarding — that only accepted the 18-digit Chinese ID format; the 2023 card redesign was specifically aimed at fixing this and coverage has improved, but it is not universally solved.
  • A draft overhaul of the permanent residence rules was published for comment in 2020 and attracted heavy domestic criticism; it has not been enacted. The 2004 Measures remain the operative instrument, so ignore any summary written around the draft.
  • Several cities and zones run their own recommendation channels with lower thresholds than the national ones — Shanghai's Lingang Special Area and the Greater Bay Area cities are the clearest examples. Where you work changes what is realistically available to you.
Sources:National Immigration Administration — foreign nationals' eligibility for permanent residenceNational Immigration AdministrationExit and Entry Administration Law of the People's Republic of China
On the ground

Where you'd land in China

Shanghai

China's commercial capital — the deepest expat infrastructure on the mainland, and its own talent residence permit.

Full Shanghai guide
Beijing

The political capital — strictest registration enforcement in China, air that improved 70% in a decade, and a car plate you will never win.

Full Beijing guide
Shenzhen

Forty years old, seventeen million people, and a Bay Area tax rule that caps qualifying talent at a 15% effective rate.

Full Shenzhen guide
Guangzhou

China's trading city for three centuries — Cantonese on the street, the Canton Fair twice a year, and first-tier life at half the price.

Full Guangzhou guide
Hangzhou

Alibaba's city and China's densest AI startup scene, wrapped around a UNESCO lake that no new tower may overlook.

Full Hangzhou guide
Chengdu

Western China's capital — teahouses, no car plate lottery, half the cost base, and extra work-permit points just for being here.

Full Chengdu guide
Suzhou

A Song-dynasty canal city with a Singapore-run industrial park attached, and the only metro in China that runs into another city.

Full Suzhou guide
Nanjing

A former capital and a university city — the world's longest surviving city wall, plane-tree boulevards, and Shanghai rents cut by two thirds.

Full Nanjing guide
Qingdao

German red roofs, the world's busiest container terminals, China's largest Korean community — and the only city here with central heating.

Full Qingdao guide

China at a glance

Capital
Beijing
Population
—
Languages
Mandarin Chinese
Currency
CNY

Where else your Bulgaria passport takes you

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