Before you start

Valid foreign driving licence
Proof of Czech residence
Official Czech translation, if not in Czech
Medical certificate, where required

Step-by-step

1
Check whether you need to exchange at all
EU/EEA licences are valid indefinitely. Non-EU licences must be exchanged after establishing residence, and cease to be valid for driving here once the window closes.
OnlineWho: You
2
Get an official translation
A certified Czech translation is required where the licence is not in Czech. Use a court-appointed translator (soudní tlumočník).
In personWho: You
3
Apply at your district office
Applications go to the transport department (odbor dopravy) of the Prague municipal district where you're registered.
In personWho: You
4
Sit examinations if required
Convention-country licences generally exchange directly. Outside those, expect theory and possibly practical testing.
In personWho: You
5
Surrender the foreign licence
The original is handed in and returned to the issuing authority.
In personWho: You

Documents you’ll need

Foreign driving licence
Certified Czech translation
Proof of residence and residence permit
Passport
Photograph
Medical certificate, where required

Things most newcomers don’t know

You almost certainly don't need a car in Prague.

The metro, tram and bus network is excellent and cheap, central parking is restricted and paid by zone, and car-sharing is widespread. Many residents exchange the licence purely to keep the option open.

Source: community-reported

The translation must be by a court-appointed translator.

As in Poland, an ordinary professional translation is rejected. Confirm the translator is a soudní tlumočník with a stamp and registration number before paying.

Source: Czech document requirements

Zero tolerance on alcohol is absolute.

Czechia has a 0.0% legal limit for drivers. In a country with this beer culture, that catches visitors and newcomers who assume a small-limit tolerance exists. It does not.

Source: Czech road traffic law

The exchange window starts at residence, not first drive.

Once you establish residence the clock runs, and driving on a lapsed non-EU licence affects your insurance as much as your legality.

Source: Czech licence exchange rules