Before you start

A decision on which route applies before you commit to anything — the two share no paperwork
For aliyah: original birth and marriage certificates and grandparents' records proving Jewish lineage, filed with the Jewish Agency or Nefesh B'Nefesh before you fly
For a B/1: a named Israeli employer willing to sponsor. You cannot apply for yourself
An apostilled police clearance certificate from your home country
A passport with substantial remaining validity, plus an approved ETA-IL if you are visa-exempt

Step-by-step

1
Establish your route
Aliyah eligibility extends to a child, grandchild or spouse of a Jew under the 1970 amendment to the Law of Return, and excludes anyone who voluntarily changed religion. There is no equivalent fast track for anyone else.
OnlineWho: You
2
Aliyah: approve the file before you fly
The Jewish Agency, or Nefesh B'Nefesh from North America and the UK, pre-screens your lineage documents. Pre-approval is what makes citizenship near-automatic on landing.
OnlineWho: You, with the Jewish Agency or Nefesh B'NefeshCommonly 2–6 months
3
Aliyah: collect the biometric Teudat Zehut
You receive a Teudat Oleh and an ID number on arrival through Misrad HaKlita, then collect the biometric ID card at a PIBA office. Ashdod is used to processing volume, and the municipal absorption department will walk you through the local sequence if you ask.
In personWho: You, with Misrad HaKlita and PIBAID number same day; card within about three months
4
B/1: the employer files
Your employer applies to PIBA for permission to employ you. The expert track requires them to pay at least twice the average Israeli wage — from 1 January 2026 the average wage is ₪13,566, so the bar is ₪27,132 a month gross — plus private medical insurance. The figure is reindexed every January.
Via employerWho: Your employerSeveral weeks to a few months
5
Visitor: ETA-IL, then a B/2 with no work rights
Most Western nationals get up to 90 days visa-free but must hold an approved ETA-IL before boarding. The B/2 permits tourism and business meetings only.
OnlineWho: YouETA-IL approval usually within about 72 hours

Documents you’ll need

Passport with substantial remaining validity
Aliyah: original lineage documents for you, your parents and grandparents, plus a rabbinical letter where required
B/1: employer sponsorship and PIBA approval, a contract meeting the salary threshold, proof of private health insurance
Apostilled police clearance certificate
Degree certificates and professional credentials for the expert track
ETA-IL approval for visa-exempt visitors

Things most newcomers don’t know

Ancestry decides your route, not your CV.

A candidate with a Jewish grandparent becomes a citizen with an ID card and an absorption grant within weeks. The identical engineer without one needs an employer, a permit and a salary above twice the national average. People burn months on work-visa logistics without checking a family document, or assume aliyah is open to anyone relocating, which it is not.

Source: Law of Return 1950 as amended 1970; Nefesh B'Nefesh

The expert salary bar is indexed, so verify it against this January's figure.

The threshold is defined as twice the national average wage rather than a fixed number, and it moves every January. From 1 January 2026 the average wage is ₪13,566, making the bar ₪27,132 a month gross. Offers negotiated against last year's figure can fall under the line and sink the permit, and the fee is not refunded on refusal.

Source: PIBA foreign expert procedure

Ashdod's absorption infrastructure is unusually thick, and it is worth using deliberately.

About 32% of the city's residents are new immigrants, and the municipality runs services in Hebrew, English, Russian, French and Amharic to match. That means ulpan places, an absorption department that has seen your case before, and community organisations for the Georgian, Moroccan, French, Ethiopian and Russian-speaking populations. Newcomers who go through the municipality rather than around it get to the front of queues they did not know existed.

Source: Ashdod Municipality; community-reported

A B/1 in Ashdod is usually sponsored by an industrial employer, not a startup.

The city's foreign hiring runs through the port, the terminal operators, the refinery, the chemicals plants and the shipping lines rather than through tech companies. Those employers handle permits as routine, work in English and have real HR functions — but they also negotiate against industrial salary bands, and the expert-track threshold of twice the average wage bites harder there than in tech. Establish before signing whether the offer clears it.

Source: PIBA foreign expert procedure; community-reported

Common mistakes to avoid

Assuming aliyah is open to anyone relocating to Israel — it is strictly ancestry- or spouse-based.
Working or freelancing locally on a B/2 visitor stamp. There is no digital-nomad visa.
Booking flights before the Jewish Agency or Nefesh B'Nefesh file is approved.
Bringing photocopies or un-apostilled lineage and police documents.
Accepting an industrial-band offer without checking it clears the indexed expert salary threshold.

Some of this may be out of date. Spotted something inaccurate? Help us keep it right for the next newcomer.